Clenbuterol
Packaged in 30ml (1oz) bottles with measuring dropper, at a strength of 200mcg per ml, giving a total strength of 6000mcg per bottle.
AB Anabolics, at the request of our customers and vendors, will be slowly starting a move in to research liquids. Stay tuned as new products will be added over time.
What is Clenbuterol?
Clenbuterol is an adrenergic beta-2 receptor agonist associated with increases in skeletal muscle growth. It is associated with the increase of fast-twitch glycolytic muscle fibers as opposed to slow-twitch oxidative fibers. This results in rapid changes (or 'remodeling') in the structure of skeletal muscle. Recent animal studies have shown that chronic subcutaneous clenbuterol administration may not increase relevant characteristics of muscular activity such as specific maximal tetanic force and contractile efficiency. Another study demonstrated that chronic administration did not change relative force in the muscles of male Wistar rats. However, it was associated with an increase in absolute force.
Clenbuterol increases calpain (a serine protease) activity2. Chronic clenbuterol intake was also found to be associated with an imbalance in calcium (Ca2+) signaling and concentration in muscle fibers. A study using rat soleus muscle fibers showed inhibitory effects on intracellular Ca2+ and action potential4. The latter was not reversed in the presence of a beta-2 antagonist, indicating clenbuterol may also have activity at alternative receptors. Therefore, clenbuterol may change the kinetics of muscle contraction via indirect pathways based on the disruption of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
Clenbuterol may be associated with the increased risk of muscle fatigue. The switch to fast-twitch fiber activity results in varying levels of hypertrophy (rapid growth) in different muscle types. This may be due to the responses of different subtypes of calpain to this drug. Some researchers argue that clenbuterol administration results in myotoxicity at high doses (approximately 1mg/kg per day). Clenbuterol is also associated with damage to cardiac muscle.
Other Functions and Applications of Clenbuterol
Adrenergic beta-receptors are also present in the central nervous system. Their specific roles in the brain may be elicited through the experimental application of clenbuterol. Intraperitoneal clenbuterol (at three different doses) reduced visuospatial learning discrepancies in a rat model of impaired cortical function (elicited by significantly reduced beta-receptor expression in the neocortex).
The injection of clenbuterol into a brain region (the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) implicated in the stress-related use of cocaine reinstated this behavior in rats. This indicates that beta-receptors may regulate the activation of the ventral tegmental area (another brain region) associated with cocaine-seeking8. The infusion of clenbuterol into the basolateral complex of the amygdala enhanced 'emotional' and 'aversive' memory in rats.
Some studies have indicated that beta-2 receptors are associated with the breakdown of glycogen in astrocytes, which supplies energy to neurons in the absence of dietary glucose. A study using a mouse model of this found that clenbuterol administration did not influence this, but that beta-2 activation was associated with the protection of axons.
Clenbuterol may also have a therapeutic role in developmental disorders. The administration of clenbuterol resulted in the reduction of respiratory and motor co-ordination deficits in a mouse model of Rett syndrome (knockout of the Mecp2 gene). It was also associated with improvements in the survival and social recognition abilities of young male mice with this mutation. Clenbuterol also improved cognition and anxiety in older female heterozygous mice.
